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California Church Shooting Was ‘Hate Incident,’ Sheriff Says

The man who opened fire on a Taiwanese congregation in Laguna Woods, Calif., killing one and injuring five, was motivated by political hatred, the Orange County Sheriff said.

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Don Barnes, the Orange County sheriff, described the shooting as a “politically motivated hate incident” against the Taiwanese community by the suspect, a U.S. citizen who emigrated from China.CreditCredit...Mark Abramson for The New York Times

LAGUNA WOODS, Calif. — Gathered to celebrate a beloved former pastor, snapping photographs of their Sunday church luncheon, the members of the Irvine Taiwanese Presbyterian Church did not pay much attention, at first, to the 68-year-old stranger in their midst.

He had been there before, the man assured a receptionist, refusing in Taiwanese to fill out a form providing his contact information. Asked why he was locking the doors, he let his black shirt, emblazoned with what appeared to be the word “security,” speak for him. It was not until he opened fire with one of his two semiautomatic pistols that the crowd of 150 or so churchgoers, most of them retirees, took notice.

Only then, scattering in terror, did they realize that the doors to the multipurpose room at the suburban Southern California campus where they were meeting had been chained, nailed and super-glued shut.

On Monday, a day after the attack that killed one person and wounded five others, the authorities announced murder and attempted murder charges against David Chou, a Las Vegas man with a wife and child in Taiwan who had traveled to Orange County with a grievance against Taiwanese people. At a news conference, the Orange County sheriff, Don Barnes, called the mass shooting a “politically motivated hate incident.”

The shooting, the nation’s second in two days considered a hate crime, came as authorities in Buffalo were investigating a supermarket massacre that claimed 10 lives; the suspect in New York, a white teenager who livestreamed the assault, is accused of having driven across the state to kill Black people.

Sheriff Barnes said that Mr. Chou had apparently acted alone, setting an elaborate trap, although it was not clear why he had chosen this out-of-the-way church as a target. He said that investigators had found notes in Mr. Chou’s car, which was parked outside the church, that were proof of his “hatred of the Taiwanese people.”

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The congregants “displayed what we believe is exceptional heroism and bravery in interfering, in intervening, to stop the suspect,” Undersheriff Jeff Hallock of Orange County, Calif., said on Sunday. Credit...Mark Abramson for The New York Times

A small congregation that never had its own building, the Irvine Taiwanese Presbyterian Church is mostly a congregation of older Christian immigrants who worship weekly in Taiwanese, their first language. They meet on Sundays on the campus of the larger Geneva Presbyterian Church in Laguna Woods, a suburb dominated by a gated community for residents 55 and older.

The sheriff said Mr. Chou, who had emigrated to the United States and is an American citizen, had been living alone in a rented room and appeared to have no ties to the congregation. A statement by the church said he had spent the morning church service in the back of the sanctuary, quietly reading a Taiwanese newspaper.

The authorities said the shooting erupted at about 1:26 p.m. local time on Sunday. Congregants said they had been celebrating the return from Taiwan of a former pastor, the Rev. Billy Chang, with a luncheon and had gathered after the morning service in the church’s multipurpose room.

In an account released by the church, Mr. Chang said he was on a podium taking photos when the gunman opened fire from 10 to 15 steps away. Afterward, as they filed into the banquet, a few congregants, who assumed he was a maintenance staffer, noticed him locking the doors.

Then he fired toward the ceiling, the statement said: “Most of the church members thought that the sound was from a large balloon popping.” After realizing it was gunfire, the crowd rushed to the blocked exits, some falling, some trying to break the doors down, a few others escaping through a kitchen door that the gunman had overlooked.

Most of the victims came from Taiwan and ranged in age from 66 to 92, Sheriff Barnes said. Four were critically wounded, but their conditions improved on Monday, the authorities said. The F.B.I. said it had opened a federal hate crime investigation into the shooting.

By Scott Reinhard

Authorities and witnesses said that one church member charged the gunman as he fired apparently at random with two firearms that he had legally bought.

John Cheng, 52, of Laguna Niguel, a sports physician and co-founder of the nearby South Coast Medical Group, was shot and killed after he tackled the gunman and tried to disarm him, Sheriff Barnes said. Mr. Cheng’s intervention, he added, allowed the visiting pastor — who had led the service that day — to throw a chair at the gunman while others helped to restrain him, confiscating two weapons and hogtying him with extension cords.

“If not for their quick action, the way that this individual set up that environment to kill many more people, there would have been many, many more lives lost,” the sheriff said.

Johnna Gherardini, the medical center’s executive director, said that Dr. Cheng, who was not a church member, had picked up his mother from her home at Laguna Woods Village and taken her to church on Sunday. Raised in Texas, the physician, who did not have strong political views about China, was there in solidarity with his mother, who was mourning the recent death of his father, she said.

Dr. Cheng, who is survived by his wife and two teenage children, was also an accomplished master martial arts instructor.

“He was there for a reason,” Ms. Gherardini said.

The gunman had secured the church doors with chains and had attempted to disable the locks with glue, Sheriff Barnes said, adding that he also tried to nail one of the building’s doors shut. Bags filled with magazines of ammunition, as well as several incendiary devices, were found on the church grounds, the sheriff said.

The sheriff said Mr. Chou had lived in the United States for many years but also resided in Taiwan at some point. “I believe his hatred of Taiwan manifested when he was residing there in previous years, possibly in his youth,” Sheriff Barnes said. “He was not well received while living there, according to what we believe we’ve collected so far.”

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Sandria Chou, whose parents were inside the church at the time of the shooting, spoke with law enforcement on Sunday afternoon.Credit...Mark Abramson for The New York Times

It is not clear when Chou lived in Taiwan. About 70 years ago, one million or so Chinese retreated there with the Nationalists during the Chinese civil war against the Communists. They encountered residents on the island who had been there for centuries, many of whom spoke a different dialect. In recent decades, some mainland Chinese have also moved to Taiwan to work and study.

The sheriff also referred to “China and Taiwan tensions that are current.” Beijing has long claimed Taiwan, a self-governed democratic island, as its own territory, and has threatened to absorb it using force if it deems necessary.

Sam Huang, a member of the Taiwanese community in Laguna Woods, said, however, that the diverse area’s well-established Chinese and Taiwanese communities exhibited few tensions. He is a member of the congregation but did not attend church on Sunday.

“Typically, we try to be friendly,” Mr. Huang said, adding that he occasionally played table tennis, or participated in line dancing at the community center together with other Chinese residents. He added: “Nobody says you are Chinese, and I’m Taiwanese, so we won’t play with you.”

Wei-Ming Tao, 67, a retiree living in Laguna Woods, confirmed that those in the community generally tried to steer clear of politics of any kind in conversations. But she added that the confluence of the coronavirus, the rise in racist acts against people of Asian descent, and Russia’s war in Ukraine had created a simmering environment that was inescapable, even in an ordinary peaceful haven.

“We don’t need this kind of political agenda,” Ms. Tao said. “The hate crimes — we had enough, we don’t need any more.”

The shooting served as another reminder that religious sanctuaries are not immune from the gun violence that has occurred in virtually every public space, from grocery stores to schools. Just 70 miles southeast of Laguna Woods, a man in 2019 killed one woman and injured three people at a synagogue in Poway, a shooting incident that was a hate crime.

The sheriff, meanwhile, called the shooting an example of “the ugliest part” of the divisiveness raging across the country. “At some point we have to put aside our differences,” he said. “And focus on our similarities. And realize we all want the same things.”

Reporting was contributed by Christopher Mele, Vimal Patel, Jill Cowan and Amy Chang Chien.

A correction was made on 
May 20, 2022

An earlier version of this article referred incorrectly to Dr. John Cheng, a physician who was killed while helping to disarm the gunman in an attack at a California church. While Dr. Cheng was not a member of the church, friends and family described him as an observant Christian.

How we handle corrections

Livia Albeck-Ripka is a reporter for The New York Times, currently based in California. She was previously a reporter for The Times's Australia bureau. More about Livia Albeck-Ripka

Shawn Hubler is a California correspondent based in Sacramento. Before joining The Times in 2020 she spent nearly two decades covering the state for The Los Angeles Times as a roving reporter, columnist and magazine writer, and shared three Pulitzer Prizes won by the paper's Metro staff.  More about Shawn Hubler

Eduardo Medina is a reporter covering breaking news. He is also a member of the 2021-22 New York Times fellowship class. More about Eduardo Medina

A version of this article appears in print on  , Section A, Page 16 of the New York edition with the headline: ‘Hate’ Motivated Attack On Church, Sheriff Says. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe

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