For decades, when I got to work in the morning, I would start Microsoft Visual Studio (or one of its predecessors, such as Visual C++ or Visual InterDev), then brew tea and possibly attend a morning meeting while it went through its laborious startup. I would keep the IDE open all day as I went through develop/test/debug cycles to avoid another startup delay.
When I worked on a C++ project with ~2 million lines of code, I also jump-started each day’s work by automatically running a batch script that did a code checkout and full rebuild of the product in the wee hours.
But that was then. The startup overhead of Visual Studio has decreased significantly over the years. It’s now a non-issue even in huge Visual Studio 2022 projects.
Meanwhile, Visual Studio Code usually starts up quickly enough that I can be productive in a few minutes, even for large projects. I said usually, not always: Visual Studio Code itself needs a monthly update, and the many extensions I have installed often need their own updates. Still, even updating a dozen extensions in Visual Studio Code takes much less time than Visual Studio used to take to rebuild the symbol tables of a large C++ project.
Still, choosing between Visual Studio Code and Visual Studio is not as simple as choosing between a lightweight editor and a heavyweight IDE. While Visual Studio Code is highly configurable, Visual Studio is highly complete. Your choice may depend as much on your work style as on the language support and features you need. Let’s take a look at the capabilities and the trade-offs of these two development tools.
The case for Visual Studio Code
Visual Studio Code is a lightweight but powerful source code editor that runs on your desktop and is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. It comes with built-in support for JavaScript, TypeScript, and Node.js and has a rich ecosystem of extensions for other languages (such as C++, C#, Java, Python, PHP, and Go) and runtimes (such as .NET and Unity).
Aside from the whole idea of being lightweight and starting quickly, Visual Studio Code has IntelliSense code completion for variables, methods, and imported modules; graphical debugging; linting, multi-cursor editing, parameter hints, and other powerful editing features; snazzy code navigation and refactoring; and built-in source code control including Git support. Much of this was adapted from Visual Studio technology.
Visual Studio Code proper is built using the Electron shell, Node.js, TypeScript, and the Language Server protocol, and is updated on a monthly basis. The extensions are updated as often as needed. The richness of support varies across the different programming languages and their extensions, ranging from simple syntax highlighting and bracket matching to debugging and refactoring. You can add basic support for your favorite language through TextMate colorizers if no language server is available.
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Visual Studio Code viewing the source code for itself. Note the messages (created using information from the Git repository) that show the authors of the functions and the most recent change dates. Also note the “peek” popup for trackSelection() in the middle of the screen.
The case for Visual Studio
Visual Studio (current version Visual Studio 2022, which is 64-bit) is Microsoft’s premier IDE for Windows and macOS. (However, note that Microsoft is retiring Visual Studio for Mac by August 31, 2024.) With Visual Studio, you can develop, analyze, debug, test, collaborate on, and deploy your software.
On Windows, Visual Studio 2022 has 17 workloads, which are consistent tool and component installation bundles for different development targets. Workloads are an important improvement to the Visual Studio installation process, because a full download and installation of Visual Studio 2022 can easily take hours and fill a disk, especially an SSD.
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Visual Studio 2022 supports 17 different workloads, representing different development targets.
Visual Studio 2022 for Mac has a less complicated installer than the Windows version, mostly because it doesn’t support as many targets. It allows you to develop for web, mobile, and desktop with .NET, with Unity, Azure, and Docker support included by default. The .NET Core, Android, iOS, and macOS targets are optional; the latter three use Xamarin.
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Visual Studio 2022 editing UI. Note the menu items for test and analysis, functions absent from Visual Studio Code.
Visual Studio or Visual Studio Code?
You would think that deciding between Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code for any given software development task would be as simple as deciding between an IDE and an editor. It’s not, mostly because Visual Studio Code can be configured to be quite close to an IDE for many programming languages. However, along with this configurability come a number of trade-offs.
For example, if your development style is test-driven, Visual Studio will work right out of the box. On the other hand, there are more than 15 test-driven development (TDD) extensions for Visual Studio Code supporting Node.js, Go, .NET, and PHP. Similarly, Visual Studio does a good job working with databases, especially Microsoft SQL Server and its relatives, but Visual Studio Code has lots of database extensions. Visual Studio has great refactoring support, but Visual Studio Code implements the basic refactoring operations for half a dozen languages.
There are a few clear-cut cases that favor one development environment over the other. For instance, if you are a software architect and you have access to Visual Studio Enterprise, you’ll want to use that for the architecture diagrams. If you need to collaborate with team members on development or debugging, then Visual Studio is the better choice. If you need to do serious code analysis or performance profiling, or debug from a snapshot, then Visual Studio Enterprise will help you.
Visual Studio Code tends to be popular in the data science community. Nevertheless, Visual Studio has a data science workload that offers many features.
Visual Studio doesn’t run on Linux; Visual Studio Code does. On the other hand, Visual Studio for Windows has a Linux/C++ workload and Azure support.
For daily bread-and-butter develop/test/debug cycles in the programming languages supported in both Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code, which tool you choose really does boil down to personal preference. If you tend to work on a development project for hours at a time, then Visual Studio might be a better fit. If you tend to dip into development for brief periods, and rotate between other tasks, then Visual Studio Code might make you happier.
Is VS Code free?
Visual Studio Code is free to download and use. The code in the Visual Studio Code repository on GitHub is open source under the MIT License. The VS Code product itself ships under a standard Microsoft product license, as it has a small percentage of Microsoft-specific customizations. It’s free despite the commercial license.
Most extensions available for Visual Studio Code in the Visual Studio Marketplace are either free and open source or free under a commercial license. A small number of commercially licensed extensions, such as GitHub Copilot and GitHub Copilot Chat, require a paid subscription after a free trial.
Visual Studio pricing
Shopping for Visual Studio is not as straightforward. Visual Studio 2022 comes in three SKUs: Community, Professional, and Enterprise. The Community edition is free for individuals, but not for enterprise use. (Microsoft defines an enterprise as an organization with more than 250 PCs or more than $1 million in annual revenue.) The Professional edition costs $45/user/month and the Enterprise edition costs $250/user/month. The Enterprise edition has features for architects, advanced debugging, and testing that the Community and Professional editions lack.