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Science

Nuclear Reactions Are Smoldering Again At Chernobyl (sciencemag.org) 139

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Science Magazine: Thirty-five years after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine exploded in the world's worst nuclear accident, fission reactions are smoldering again in uranium fuel masses buried deep inside a mangled reactor hall. "It's like the embers in a barbecue pit," says Neil Hyatt, a nuclear materials chemist at the University of Sheffield. Now, Ukrainian scientists are scrambling to determine whether the reactions will wink out on their own -- or require extraordinary interventions to avert another accident.

Sensors are tracking a rising number of neutrons, a signal of fission, streaming from one inaccessible room, Anatolii Doroshenko of the Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants (ISPNPP) in Kyiv, Ukraine, reported last week during discussions about dismantling the reactor. "There are many uncertainties," says ISPNPP's Maxim Saveliev. "But we can't rule out the possibility of [an] accident." The neutron counts are rising slowly, Saveliev says, suggesting managers still have a few years to figure out how to stifle the threat. Any remedy he and his colleagues come up with will be of keen interest to Japan, which is coping with the aftermath of its own nuclear disaster 10 years ago at Fukushima, Hyatt notes. "It's a similar magnitude of hazard."

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Nuclear Reactions Are Smoldering Again At Chernobyl

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  • Any remedy he and his colleagues come up with will be of keen interest to Japan, which is coping with the aftermath of its own nuclear disaster 10 years ago at Fukushima, Hyatt notes.

    I think the Japanese have a different set of problems united by...radioactivity!

    • I think the Japanese have a different set of problems united by...radioactivity

      Yeah, for one - Russia doesn't have a history of giant radioactive monsters showing up and attacking their cities...

    • Different reactor. Chernobyl was a breeder reactor designed to make warheads. They tried to make it also power a city as well. Breeder reactors in the US were kept far away from civilization. Also Chernobyl had a positive reactivity coefficient. Which means its not self moderating, and subject to a feedback loop.
      • by RevDisk ( 740008 )
        Chernobyl was also eight or nine times bigger than your average Western reactor. And didn't have a containment vessel. And had terrible insanely safety designs. And their training was terrible. I'm just shocked they didn't have worse disasters.
  • Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants. Talk about a positive organization name.

    • That's a name that opens doors. Imagine if you were the President of Ukraine and told your staff that you didn't want any meeting today. Well, with that kind of business card, I'm pretty sure his staff would let you come in for a meeting.

      • by Entrope ( 68843 )

        What's their slogan? "That's a nice nuclear power plant you have there, it would be a shame if a safety problem happened to it"?

  • by johnnys ( 592333 ) on Saturday May 08, 2021 @12:25AM (#61361418)
    If the neutron rate is increasing, they need to be VERY careful. The neutron flux increases exponentially for a given reactivity. If the reactivity rate is increasing, and goes beyond the prompt critical limit then there will be another explosion. Hopefully they'll figure some way to damp the reaction before that happens.
    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      They need to make sure it doesn't get to this stage at Fukushima too. The current timeline for getting to the areas where this could happen is rather long and they seem to just be hoping that it doesn't happen.

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        by ytene ( 4376651 )
        I remember the original coverage of the Chernobyl incident - the lack of explanation from the then Soviet government, the fact that western nations were picking up the radiation cloud before there was any announcement of what had actually happened, the unbelievable news that the melt-down had been deliberately induced by the operators (who were wanting to test the safety systems).

        But after that instant moment of panic and the news that containment was being implemented via the huge concrete sarcophagus,
      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        by gweihir ( 88907 )

        There is a lot of hope involved in dealing with nuclear disasters. The designers of all that crap never thought so far. Whenever I think of these people, I think engineers cannot sink much lower than that level of incompetence. They are an utter and complete disgrace to the field.

  • by PseudoThink ( 576121 ) on Saturday May 08, 2021 @12:56AM (#61361498)
    3.6 Roentgen...not great, not terrible.
    • Call the local fire brigade.

    • by gweihir ( 88907 )

      Actually reliably deadly in about a week. And getting to that stuff would take much longer.

      • Like he said, "not great, not terrible". Limit each worker to a couple of days on-site work, monitor their exposures, and when they get to the 20%, 50%, whatever-% exposure send them home with a pension.

        Which is how the first sarcophagus was built, but working people until the radiation sickness got in the way of them actually working. A couple of thousand dead, a good number not yet dead. Probably more people have died on each side in the Russian-Ukranian war, all of them buried with military honours. Die

  • I didn't glean this from TFA but I'm hoping someone here knows: why would neutron counts be rising? It sounds like water incursion is an issue, but I guess I would think that's temporary (maybe not?). Is the fuel physically shifting around down there? Is something else impacting the reaction?

  • I am skeptical of the article, as clickbait title is aimed at stoking anti-nuclear sentiment. While technically, yes, it is nuclear reaction of decay that produced these neutrons, it is also not necessary a sign of an early stage of chain reaction that everybody thinks about when reading "nuclear reaction".
    • by nasch ( 598556 )

      You're saying the Ukrainian Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants is trying to make the Chernobyl safety issue sound like a bigger deal than it really is? Why would they want to do that?

    • There are no fission decay products that emit neutrons years after formation. The only ones that can do that - release delayed neutrons - decay to nothing within a minute. It neutrons are being emitted much above the cosmic ray background the only possible source are fission reactions. It is not hard to imagine what is likely taking place. The Chernobyl explosion and core collapse left a pile of enriched uranium and graphite moderator in the bottom of the structure which has been flooded with water -- creat

      • by sinij ( 911942 )
        So you are telling me that if I take a small portion of enriched uranium and let it sit for many years, there is absolutely nothing in the decay chain that would ever produce neutrons?
    • All it took was one big accident to annihilate the case for radioactive water heaters, and you've had two.

  • managers still have a few years to figure out how to stifle the threat

    Oh, boy, that statement is so scary.

    • managers still have a few years to figure out how to stifle the threat

      Oh, boy, that statement is so scary.

      Sounds like an SEP. (Somebody Else's Problem)

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